Dr Jekyll And Mr Hyde Differences Between Book And Movie

Francesco Canzoneri November 13, 2017 Period 2 If you watch a movie a movie based on a book you read, theres some differences and similarities. In the book Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde theres is many differences and similarities from the book and the movie. For example the characters arent the same although they do share all the same names, but doesnt mean they are the same. Also, the time frame the movie and the book were made and are set. Some similarities are that they both take place in the same setting. Lastly, there can many differences in the way the story was told. In both the novel and the film occur in Victorian Britain.†¦show more content†¦In the novel, Sir Danvers Carew was murdered brutally by Mr. Hyde. Sir Charles Emery is also brutally murdered by Mr. Hyde in the same manner. The novel was told by Mr. Hyde. In the novel, Jekyll had just made the equation and consistently progressed toward becoming Hyde years before the occasions of the novella; uncovered through a progression of records, which is different from the film because in the film it demonstrates Jekylls first time making the recipe and getting to be Hyde,direct account from beginning to end. Also in the novel, Hyde transforms into Jekyll before Dr. Lanyon, this makes Lanyon pass on of stun, which is also different from the film because when Hyde transforms into Jekyll, Lanyon doesnt pass away he remains alive. (Stevenson) Also, in the novel, Muriel and Ivy dont exist, Jekyll has no adoration interests, and in the film, Jekyll has a life partner, Muriel Carew. He helps a bar artist, Ivy Pearson, and she moves toward becoming pulled in to him. Another difference from the novel is that, Utterson and Poole compel their way into Jekylls bureau where Hyde has bolted himself inside, and in the film Lanyon and a couple of cops break into Jekylls lab. ( Mamoulian) . In the novel Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde, Hydes joys are dubious and never depicted in detail, just told quickly amid essential plot focuses. This is different from in the filmShow MoreRelatedThe Strange Case Of Dr. Jekyll And Mr Hyde1159 Words   |  5 PagesThe Strange Case of Dr Banner and Hulk Reinterpretations have played a major role in all forms of entertainment. They provide another, unique perspective on something old, something you may have read or seen. They make it possible to relive, or re-experience something that you cherished, or they can enable you to love something you hated. Reinterpretations have a lot of artistic power, as can be seen in a review of The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde, written by Robert Louis Stevenson, comparedRead MoreMovie Adaptations of Robert Louis Stevenson ´s Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde2650 Words   |  11 Pages amp;#9;Robert Louis Stevenson’s Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde has evolved into one of the most acclaimed pieces of literature in modern American society. One aspect of a continual spark of interest with the novel is motion pictures. Various directors through the years have interpreted the book through their own eyes and the following is a depiction of that. One might question Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde’s overwhelming success. Theme restaurants, Broadway shows and movies all have indicated a public interestRead MoreThe Kingdom : Movie, Beauty And The Beast1758 Words   |  8 PagesThere Is a Right Time and a Right Way to Do Things A few weeks before summer ended, a movie called Descendants, a new film by Disney, would be coming out soon. The story centers around the exiled children of defeated villains who are invited by the son of King Beast and Queen Belle, from the movie Beauty and The Beast, to attend a prep school with the children of Disney heroes. However, the main reason that these four teens’ parents allow them to go is because of their secret intentions. 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Through the characters of Dr. Frankenstein and his creature, this powerful novel explores the themes of ambition, science, moral responsibility, social isolation, and psychological balance. With its wild and desolate settings and its supernatural being, Frankenstein is an exampleRead MoreManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 PagesContemporary Management, Fourth Edition Jones−George Driving Shareholder Value Morin−Jarrell Leadership, Fifth Edition Hughes−Ginnett−Curphy The Art of M A: Merger/Acquisitions/Buyout Guide, Third Edition Reed−Lajoux and others . . . This book was printed on recycled paper. Management http://www.mhhe.com/primis/online/ Copyright  ©2005 by The McGraw−Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. Except as permitted under the United States CopyrightRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesOne Lake Street, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458, or you may fax your request to 201-236-3290. Many of the designations by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this book, and the publisher was aware of a trademark claim, the designations have been printed in initial caps or all caps. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Robbins, Stephen P. Organizational behavior / Stephen P. Robbins, Timothy A. Judge

Electronic Cigarettes The Future Of Smoking - 953 Words

Electronic Cigarettes: The Future of Smoking Electronic cigarettes have became extremely popular almost overnight it seems. These devices have worked their way into people’s everyday lives and are continuing to get even more popular. E-cigs are so popular because they do not have near as many chemicals as cigarettes, one can pick the flavor of their liking, and the smoke does not stink as traditional tobacco cigarette smoke does. In most places e-cigarette shops have been opened and are now selling regulated devices. In a battle between cigarettes and e-cigs, e-cigs are winning in sales and in popularity. Smoking is a dangerous habit causing countless problems in society; however, to curb this trend, smokers may resort to electronic cigarettes, as they help people stop smoking tobacco, promote better health, and satisfy their nicotine addictions. The reason smokers do not like to quit smoking is because there is nothing they can go to that can fulfill what they are looking for once they quit; fortunately, e-cigs can deliver the smoker what they are looking for while keeping them healthy, which helps them quit smoking tobacco. Reinburg believes that electronic cigarettes can be very effective in helping people stop smoking (1). Studies show that sixty percent of people who use an electronic cigarette, instead of a nicotine patch or nicotine gum, have been able to stop smoking tobacco more easily (Reinburg 1). Smoking is a horrible habit which is extremely unforgiving andShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of E Cigarettes On The Health Organization1503 Words   |  7 Pagesalternatives; the highest in demand being the electronic cigarette or e-cigarette. E-cigarettes are battery-powered devices that create a vapor mist from a heated liquid solution when the user inhales on a mouthpiece (Wagaman). As of their creation in 2006, a growin g number of people are taking up â€Å"vaping† instead of smoking, resulting in an industry worth $2.7 billion worldwide (Senthilingam). Although the product is healthier than the traditional tobacco cigarette, there are many defects that keep it fromRead MoreThe Problem Of Electronic Cigarettes1717 Words   |  7 PagesDuring my teenage years, I was dared to try a cigarette, not thinking I was going to get addicted. However, I did and before I knew it I became a smoker. At first, it was just recreational, but that changed quickly. I began buying cigarettes and smoking regularly throughout the day. It progressed to smoking a pack per week. I knew it was a terrible habit and I was ashamed of it. The hardest part was hiding it from friends and family hoping they would not find out. 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During the 18th and 19th centuries, people used chewing tobacco, snuff, pipes and cigars. And the consumption of cigarette has grown rapidly since the beginning of the 20th century until the first scientific revelations during the mid-1900†™s (Figure 1). Figure 1 Per capitaRead MoreSmoking Cigarettes Should Be Banned1012 Words   |  5 PagesWith no doubt, it is almost common knowledge that smoking cigarettes can bring numerous negative effects. Because of this, many laws and regulations have been brought up to ban smoking. Despite all the positive effects from abstaining to smoke, many people are still against smoking bans. The critics of these laws, see it as an example of the government interfering in people’s lives. Ultimately, there is no right or wrong to this issue. 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A recent study from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) suggests more children and teens from middle school to high school are trying these new devices. About 1.8 million children admitted puffing on an e-cigarette with 160,000 of them doing so with never havingRead MoreThe Legal Considerations For E Cigarettes1638 Words   |  7 Pagesfrom deaths related to cigarette smoking. This costs the public over $300 billion. Have you ever wondered about alternatives to this habit? Have you ever wondered â€Å"what exactly is an e-cigarette?† Where did they originate? Does it pose a threat to health? Yes, we know that it is an alternative to cigarette smoking, but what is the big rave about this small device that has the center of attention for smokers? 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E-cigarettes allow the delivery of nicotine to the blood without the nasty side effects caused by tars and carcinogens in traditional cigarettes. The electronic cigarette was patented by Herbert A. Gilbert in 1963, who lived in a society where smoking was generally accepted or

Organizational Transformation Q a Paper Free Essays

Organizational Transformation Q A Paper Organizational transformation is vital to an organization. Organizational transformation â€Å"refers to organization-wide changes, such as reconstruction operations, introducing new technologies, processes, services or products, implementing new programs, re-engineering, ect (â€Å"Business / human,†). † Identifying and characterizing the roles of incentives, training, and education in promoting innovation in the organization can assist in organizational transformation. We will write a custom essay sample on Organizational Transformation Q a Paper or any similar topic only for you Order Now Also, knowing the role of leadership in creating, managing, and sustaining innovation in your organization will also assist in the transformation. Third assistance to a transformation would be to ensure that ethical implications are in place and lastly, if my personal organization is innovative or not. How would you identify and characterize the roles of incentives, training, and education in promoting innovation in your organization? Creativity and innovation are on the menu of skills that companies are now looking for in recruiting employees. This is why companies are increasingly hiring graduates of colleges. For existing employees, according to a Boston Consulting Group survey, not enough companies link incentives to innovation, â€Å"†¦while many companies clearly recognize the potential impact of metrics on behavior, very few firms attempt to aggressively leverage it by tying employee incentives directly to metrics. Indeed, less than a fourth of respondents said their companies link the two consistently, and nearly a third of our respondents said that their companies do not link incentives to innovation metrics at all (Lichtenberg, 2008). † In my own experiences, while many companies may not have explicit incentive programs to motivate innovation, many recognized innovation implicitly in their mainline compensation programs. However it is up to the supervisor to recognize an employee’s innovation contribution, there are some employee suggestion programs that offer incentives for innovation. An example is Canon – when employees make a suggestion for a new idea to benefit the company, they are awarded variable amount of points. Every year the company has a President’s Award to the top 20 employees who have acquired the most points since the program began. They are awarded cash and a gold medal. While employers indicate that creativity skills are important, they are not doing much to train their employees. According to a study by the Conference Board, â€Å"Educators and employers both feel they have a responsibility for instilling creativity in the U. S. workforce (83 and 61 percent, respectively). However, their current creativity building offerings don’t match this desire (Lichtenberg, 2008). † What is the role of leadership in creating, managing, and sustaining innovation in your organization? The key to fostering innovation is leadership and how leaders influence the corporate culture. Leaders must build a culture of trust, one that promotes information sharing and a clear statement that creativity and innovation are encourage and will be rewarded. Here is an example, â€Å"Seth Waugh, CEO of Deutsche Bank Americas, cited culture as a critical factor in promoting innovation. Business leaders, he said, create this environment by offering incentives for workers who innovate and by making it clear that innovation is expected. You must have people with that hunger to always learn, who are always open and who think about things in a different way. You always have to reinvent yourself tomorrow (â€Å"Connecting the dots,† 2006). † What are the ethical implications of an individual reward system? Support your answer. While there is substantial material on Business Ethics in finance, executive behavior and other business functions there is little on the ethical considerations regarding compensation or reward systems. However, ethics as applied to rewards or compensation systems involve how these systems are designed to encourage employees to go beyond legal compliance and motivate them to act in morally, ethically manner. It also places a requirement on leaders to fair in how employees are compensated and rewarded. Would you describe your organization as innovative or non-innovative? Why? My organization, the United States Navy, is most definitely innovative. The mission statement of the Office of Naval Research states, â€Å"The Directorate of Innovation cultivates innovative science and technology approaches that support the Department of the Navy and facilitate rapid and agile responses to our changing national security environment (â€Å"Office of naval,†). With a mission statement such as that, it is clear that the United States Navy thrives on the most innovative technology, techniques, intelligence, and sciences. Without a mission statement like this, the world’s finest Navy could face security flaws and intelligence deficiencies. Our Navy has the top of the line equipment and procedures with thanks to the innovators at the Office of Naval Research. References: Business / human r esources (hr) / organizational transformation. (n. d. ). Retrieved from http://www. superglossary. om/Definition/Human_Resources_(HR)/Organizational_Transformation. html Connecting the dots between innovation and leadership. (2006, October 04). Retrieved from http://knowledge. wharton. upenn. edu/article. cfm? articleid=1569 Lichtenberg, J. (2008). Ready to innovate. Retrieved from http://www. artsusa. org/pdf/information_services/research/policy_roundtable/ready_to_innovate. pdf Office of naval research. (n. d. ). Retrieved from http://www. onr. navy. mil/Science-Technology/Directorates/office-innovation. aspx How to cite Organizational Transformation Q a Paper, Essay examples

Gender Inequality at Workplace in Australia

Question: Write a research proposal on "Gender inequality at workplace in Australia". Answer: Introduction: For an economy to grow successfully there is a need for the participation of both women and men equally in the entire field. The equality of the wages is a primary concern and this has been for a long time. The history of Australia has shown that there is in no way the wages of the men and women were equal rather there was always a gap. Women have always been undervalued which has led to increasing level of hardship and discrimination at the place of work. Male counterpart has always received higher levels of wages in the pace of work and that too in almost all the domains (Biddle Emmett, 2013). They also receive higher benefits, awards, superannuation and the greater chances for promotion. There have been significant steps taken so that the gap is reduced at the workplace and they are legislation, wage rates and awards. The implementation of this was not done in a thorough manner. There is a greater need for the strategies to be implemented so that the differences in the wage can b e overcome. The research paper will help in assessing the extent of gender inequality in the place of work in Australia, issues faced and ways to overcome. Rationale of Research: Gender inequality at the place of work is a growing concern in workplace and this need to be resolved. It has been seen that the victims of gender inequality are demotivated and they lose their morale so they are not able to perform effectively in their job. The productivity is also lost when there is gender discrimination. Women are tied to the family responsibilities and other duties for which the employers they are reluctant to hire them, as they would be more involved in the family duties. The employer is prohibited by the law to ask such question. Australia and many other countries have made progress towards equality at work. There are certain gaps revealed in the current research through the literature review, which would be addressed in the paper. Aim and Objectives: As per the discussion of the background, the main of the research proposal is to see how the employees in an organization coming from the different backgrounds perceived the problem of gender inequality. The more specific objectives are: To analyse the extent to which there is gender inequality perceived by the employees in their work place To identify the factors that has resulted in the gender equality at the place of work To analyse the way the employees they are reacting to the inequality in pay. To identify the factors that would help in resolving the gender inequality in workplace Research Question: The following are the research questions for this thesis paper: What is the extent the employees they perceive gender equality at work place? What are the factors that have resulted in gender inequality at the place of work? What is the reaction of the employees towards inequality in pay? What are the ways through which the gap in gender at workplace be reduced. Research Design: There will be use of both the qualitative and quantitative research. Sampling Procedure: Sampling is a very important method that is used for deciding on the persons to be used for the research. Sampling is a convenient way of conducting the research. The sample should involve some characteristics of the population so that the research results are positive (Bryman, 2012). Sample is a subset of the population. There are two types of sampling techniques that are used commonly and they are probability and the non-probability sampling (Buglear, 2012). In this research paper, the researcher is going to use the simple random sampling technique for the purpose of the research. Simple random sampling technique will not hold any type of biases. There are 50 employees of an organization in Australia selected through this technique. Of the 50 employees, 30employees are male and 20 employees are female are choosen. This will be done using the random selection. The employees will be accessed in an organization in Australia. This also reflected that there is gender inequality present in this form of method of sampling. This technique is cost effective and is done within the time. There are 4 managers of the same organization who were selected through the convenience sampling. This method helped in the easy access to the managers. The four managers will be chosen from the HR department. Data Collection: Data collection is the technique that is used for carrying out the research with a certain tool (Chandra Sharma, 2013). The data collection is divided in the qualitative and the quantitative techniques. Quantitative Data Collection: In case of quantitative collection of the data, there are 50 employees of the Australian organization selected for the survey. The research instrument used for this purpose is questionnaire. They were asked questions based on the close-ended questions. There are some options for each of the questions. The statistics that are gained will help in getting a better understanding of the statistics. Qualitative Data Collection: In the qualitative form of data collection is applied for interviewing 4 managers of the organization. The interview would be conducted on the convenience of the managers and time that they have granted. Transcripts are taken from them so that it can be analysed later. The interview with the managers will be conducted face to face and will be asked whether the employees they have come up with the problems of gender inequality. Draft Research Instruments: The instrument or the tool that is used for the purpose of the research is the questionnaire (Donley, 2012). There were two type of questionnaires framed for the research one that is the closed ended questions and the other is the open-ended questions. The close-ended questions are asked to employees of the organization and open-ended questions were asked to the managers of the same organization. The structured questions has been asked to the employees where there need to tick off answers i.e. yes or no or there is a list of options. The unstructured questions have been asked to the managers. Through the unstructured questions, the managers would be flexible in answering the questions. Proposed Data Analysis: The data that is collected will be used formulating the tables and the charts that are done through the Microsoft Excel .SPSS software will help in performing statistical analysis. This will help in understanding of the subject in a better way through the survey. The percentages that are derived from the data that has been collected will be used for understanding the opinion of the employees on the gender inequality issues that is faced in the organization. The variables that is looked for is the factors that tend to affect the gender inequality i.e. sex, lack of education, extreme poverty .The interview that is taken from the manager is used as transcripts. The transcripts are analysed to see what the manager does for stopping the gender inequality at the place of work. The qualitative data will be analysed through the method of content analysis. There is a need for ideas about the hypothesis that would emerge and look for them into the data that has been collected. Ethical Consideration: The researcher while carrying out the research must see that he does not hurt the sentiments of the employees. There should not be any pressure provided to the employees. They are to be requested to participate in the research. The purpose of the research should be made clear to the employees (Eriksson Kovalainen, 2012). They must be ensured that the information that they provided will be secure and is no way would it be leaked. There is a possibility that all the positive things are reported and there is no mention of the negative aspects. The researcher needs to build a good rapport with the employees so that they are able to give the correct information through ease (Goodson, Loveless, Stephens, 2012). The researcher might be facing the potentiality of risk when they try to question the employees for the research (Jagodzinski Wallin, 2013). Strengths and the Limitations of the project: There is both primary and secondary research done for the thesis and for this, there are limitations that the researcher faces. Strengths of the research: When the researcher conducts primary research then there is full control over the research. The research will be streamlined as per the scope and the objectives. Primary data will help in addressing the targeted issues. (Kumar, 2011). In case of the primary data collection, the marketer as per their need interpret examine of the data collected rather than relying on the secondary data. (Novikov Novikov, 2013). The primary data that is collected by the researcher is quite recent rather than secondary sources (Love, 2012). The use of the secondary sources of the data is very cost effective and this is easily available through the internet (Oakshott, 2012). Strength of Quantitative research is that is helps in the quick collection of the data. This will help in the testing and validating the theories about why and how the phenomenon has occurred. The advantage of qualitative research is that the issue of gender inequality is evaluated in detail and in-depth Limitation of the research: The researcher to conduct the primary research needs to incur higher cost. All the materials that is needed for the research is borne by the researcher (Salaberry Comajoan, 2013). This is a very time consuming technique, as the questions needs to be Timetable: References: Biddle, J. Emmett, R. (2013).A research annual. Bingley, U.K.: Emerald. Bryman, A. (2012).Social research methods. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Buglear, J. (2012).Quantitative methods for business and management students. Harlow: Pearson. Chandra, S. Sharma, M. (2013).Research methodology. Oxford: Alpha Science International Ltd. Donley, A. (2012).Research Methods. New York: Infobase Pub. Eriksson, P. Kovalainen, A. (2012).Qualitative methods in business research. Los Angeles: SAGE. Goodson, I., Loveless, A., Stephens, D. (2012).Explorations in narrative research. Rotterdam: SensePublishers. Jagodzinski, J. Wallin, J. (2013).Arts-based research. Rotterdam: SensePublishers. Kumar, R. (2011).Research methodology. Los Angeles: SAGE. Love, K. (2012).Ethics in social research. Bingley, U.K.: Emerald. Novikov, A. Novikov, D. (2013).Research methodology. Leiden, Netherlands: CRC Press/Balkema. Oakshott, L. (2012).Essential quantitative methods for business, management and finance. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan. Salaberry, M. Comajoan, L. (2013).Research Design and Methodology in Studies on L2 Tense and Aspect. Boston: De Gruyter. Supino, P. Borer, J. (2012).Principles of research methodology. New York, NY: Springer.

Change In Urban Society Essays - Urban Studies And Planning

Change In Urban Society Change In Urban Society At the end of the 18th century a revolution in energy and industry began in England and spread rapidly all around Europe later in the 19th century, bringing about dramatic and radical change. A significant impact of the Industrial Revolution was that on urban society. The population of towns grew vastly because economic advantage entailed that the new factories and offices be situated in the cities. The outlook of the city and urban life in general were profoundly modified and altered. Modern industry created factory owners and capitalists who strengthened the wealth and size of the middle class. Beside the expansion of the bourgeoisie, the age of industrialization saw the emergence of a new urban proletariat - the working class. The life of this new group and its relations with the middle class are controversial issues to modern history. Some believe that the Industrial Revolution inevitably caused much human misery and affliction. Other historians profess that Industrialization bro ught economic improvement for the laboring classes. Both conclusions should be qualified to a certain extent. Economic growth does not mean more happiness. Given the contemporary stories by people at that time, life in the early urban society seems to have been more somber than historians are usually prow to describe it. No generalities about natural law or inevitable development can blind us to the fact, that the progress in which we believe has been won at the expense of much injustice and wrong, which was not inevitable. Still, I believe that industry was a salvation from a rapid population growth and immense poverty. Furthermore, by the end of the 19th century the appearance of European cities and life in them had evolved and change for the better. Industrialization was preceded and accompanied by rapid population growth, which began in Europe after 1720. People had serious difficulty providing their subsistence by simply growing their food. There was widespread poverty and underemployment. Moreover, the need for workers in the city was huge. More and more factories were opening their doors. The result of this was a vast migration from the countryside to the city where peasants were already being employed. The number of people living in the cities of 20000 or more in England and Wales jumped from 1.5 million in 1801 to 6.3 million by 1891 (Mckay, 762). With this mass exodus from the countryside, life in urban areas changed drastically. Overcrowding exacerbated by lack of sanitation and medical knowledge made life in the city quite hard and miserable. A description of Manchester in 1844, given by one of the most passionate critics of the Industrial Revolution, Friederich Engels, conveys in great detail the deplorable outlook of the city. ?the confusion has only recently reached its height when every scrap of space left by the old way of building has been filled up or patched over until not a foot of land is left to be further occpupied (Engels 2). Lack of sanitation caused people to live in such filth and scum that is hard to imagine. In dry weather, a long string of the most disgusting, blackish-green, slime pools are left standing on this bank, from depths of which bubbles of miasmatic gas constantly arise and give forth a stench unendurable even on the bridge forty or fifty feet above the surface of the stream (Engels 2). The appalling living conditions in the city during the early stages of the Industrial Revolution brought about two important changes. By developing his famous germ theory of disease, Louis Pasteur brought about the so-called Bacterial revolution and lead the road to taming the ferocity of the death in urban areas caused by unsanitary and overcrowded living conditions. The theory that disease was inflicted by microorganisms completely revolutionized modern medicine and brought about the important health movement in the city. After 1870 sanitation was a priority on the agenda lists of city administration in most industrialized European countries. Urban planning and transportation after 1870 transformed European cities into beautiful and enchanting places. Water supply systems and waste disposals construction were accompanied by the building of boulevards, townhalls, theaters, museums. The greatest innovation in this area at the time -the electric streetcar- immensely

Text to speech essays

Text to speech essays Text to speech devices is "a talking device () that inputs text and converts it automatically to synthetic speech"[1]. These type of technologies have suffered constant and continuous improvements in the last couple of years and there are several companies specialized in this area. The Internet text-to-speech devices are similar to a traditional browser (it does everything the usual browser does), but the recent trends and development have increased the initial only browsing availability. IBM, for example, has improved its text-to-speech software so as to include and provide "greater access to e-commerce operations and improved Internet Recent trends show new developments in the e-commerce and e-business areas with the appearance of special browser designed for these kinds of activities, as well an ever increasing number of languages that are available (if in the beginning there were only few languages available, like French or Japanese, we can now have text-to-speech solutions in One of the software solutions used for text to speech is Read-e, produced by Artificial Relevance. It works on any PC with Windows 98, ME , NT (with SP6), 2000, or XP operating systems and requires Internet Explorer 6.0, as well as TTS voice. A professional sound card may prove useful. It reads text from the web on mouse over and has a multi-sensory user interface. Additional features include read text from word processors, databases and organizers, as well as a spell checker with the Global User Dictionary. When of the main advantages of this program is that it has a free license, in exchange for a link or feedback. Babel Technologies[3] has specialized in text to speech software and the company provides several such solutions, among them the Infovox products (Infovox Desktop and Infovox 310) and BrightSpeech. The Infovox ...

The Example of How Humans Have Fallen into the Pattern of Elucidation Research Paper

The Example of How Humans Have Fallen into the Pattern of Elucidation and War - Research Paper Example Looking at the complicity of the churches, we see that from several different perspectives from a religion and culture student that, even with careful, honest and sensitive approaches, the role of the church in the genocide is still evident. One of the bases on which the latter can be approached is from a cultural view. Despite the fact that the two major ethnic groups were getting along well before the colonialists and missionaries in terms of the cultures and their ways of life, the influence of priests in the uproar of genocide is evident. An example of the above is that during the times, the priests presented themselves as ethnic-based which was one of the major catalysts for the genocide. In addition, the churches at that time allowed the priests to preach ethnic-hatred to the people. Some of the sources also say that the nuns and the nuns and the priests were also involved in the killing of the Tutsis. One of the hardest things to determine with regard to this issue is whether the leaders of the Roman Catholic and Anglican church leaders were informed about the issue and whether they got involved or simply decided to ignore the issue. With the views that have been expressed about the role of the church, one of the things that   I can establish as a religious student is that the clergy did not follow what they preach. A conclusion about the role that the church played in the genocide can be easily arrived at that, looking at the way that the course stood by the values that it preached before the genocide and what they preached towards the genocide, there must have been some political influence.

A critical analysis of Uk Teaching standard 2 Essay - 1

A critical analysis of Uk Teaching standard 2 - Essay Example This means that the teacher needs to be aware of the capabilities of the pupils and their prior knowledge (McBer, 2012). From this, the teacher then builds a teaching plan to incorporate these capabilities and prior knowledge of the pupils. The teacher also has to guide his or her pupils on the progress made and focus on the needs that emerge, in the long run. This will enable the teachers to demonstrate knowledge and the overall understanding of the learning of these pupils and how it impacts on teaching. The teacher will also be in a position to take responsibility and a conscientious attitude towards their own work and their study. This mode of teaching is strengthened by the constructivist theory of learning. The theory indicates that learning starts with issues that revolve around the students trying to construct meaning. Thus, for the teacher to teach well, they have to understand mental models for the students to use to perceive the world and all the assumptions to support such models (Coe, 2014). Thus, students have to construct their own meaning not just memorising the correct answers. The teachers also have to demonstrate a good knowledge and understanding of the subject and the curriculum. The teachers have to exercise knowledge of relevant subjects and areas of the curriculum and foster and maintain the interest of the pupils on the subject and take care of their misunderstandings. The teachers should demonstrate a critical understanding of the developments in their subject and the areas of the curriculum that will be important in enabling a better understanding for the pupils (Trainees, 2012). It is important for the teachers to understand relevant concepts in the curriculum that will be beneficial for the oval understanding and knowledge of the pupils. The teachers must develop high level of literacy for the pupils and articulacy in addition to using correct Standard

Representing Nature in Jeddah city Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Representing Nature in Jeddah city - Term Paper Example In January 2011 torrential rains caused destructive floods. Massive rescue operations were quite successful and many people were evacuated from the areas exposed to the disaster (Byron, 2011). Reportedly, the damage caused by the flood â€Å"was attributed to the lack of a drainage system for flooding and rain water† (Byron, 2011). Insufficient drainage system led to spread of sewage. Admittedly, the sewage and contaminated water can cause proliferation of numerous diseases in people and animals. Apart from this sewage and contaminated water leads to numerous environmental problems. For instance, it negatively influences ground waters leading to â€Å"salinization of the water affecting vegetation in the areas† (Magram, 2009, p.125). It goes without saying that this environmental issue has been considered politically. At this point it is worth mentioning that the majority of environmental issues should be (and usually are) regarded politically, due to the nature of thes e questions which are â€Å"inherently subjective† (Norheim, 2004, p.48). ... Notably, Jeddah is â€Å"the most significant city† in Saudi Arabia and its growth â€Å"has been rapid and diverse† (Magram, 2009, p.120). Rapid growth of population and industrial development of the city which was accompanied by the development of recreation infrastructure and the lack of attention to environmental issues led to environmental degradation. Such problems as sewage capacity issues, desalinization of water which threatens marine ecosystem, ground water contamination, which is the source of numerous diseases (and can even cause epidemic) have not attract much attention until floods caused serious problems. It is important to note that floods are recurrent phenomena in Jeddah. In 2009 there was a flood which also caused numerous victims and money losses. Reportedly, the government tried to solve these problems, but this year flood proved that these measures were insufficient. More so, people argued that â€Å"hundreds of millions of dollars spent on upgrad ing the preparedness after last year’s flood were allegedly riddled with corruption deals† (Nuseibeh, 2011, p.7). Ineffective policy of those in power led to numerous riots. Reportedly, the flood in Jeddah took place â€Å"at a time of unprecedented unrest† in Saudi Arabia. Admittedly, environmental issues aggravated the situation. At this point it is possible to point out that environmental issues, viewed politically, can be used by different people differently. In the first place, they have already caused social and political protests. On the other hand, those who want to gain people’s trust can use (and do exploit) these issues promising to solve environmental problems caused by floods, or prevent the floods. Thus, these problems can lead to political changes. It goes

Quantity Surveyor Role Description

Quantity Surveyor Role Description Quantity surveyor is the person/ firm who manage the cost relating to the construction projects, such as new constructions, maintenance work and renovations. A quantity surveyor monitors the cost of every aspects of a construction project as a cost expert, as well as seeks to minimize the costs of the project and to make more cost savings while ensuring the total cost of project does not exceed the estimated cost. Historical background of quantity surveying Origin of Quantity Surveying According to the AIQS Publication, by article of A Brief History of Quantity Surveying; It is believed that the ancient Egyptians used a system of quantity surveying but it was not until the 17th century restoration of London after the Great fire that Quantity Surveyors developed as an occupation. In these early days the quantity surveyor acted for the master tradesmen, measuring the work after completion. (Blackburn, 1998, p3) Although Quantity Surveyors were probably active in Australia, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Singapore, USA, Some Europe country, and all Asian county since lone ago. Generally, Historical background of quantity surveying is based on; Functions of bill of quantities, Contract documentation, Processes used in quantity surveying work, Other measurement approaches, Agreed rules of measurement, National standard building elements, etc. In the seventeenth century the architects were responsible for the erection of buildings, as well as their design, and they employed a number of master craftsmen who performed the work in each trade. (Seeley and Winfields Building Quantities Explained) Up to the middle of the nineteenth century it was the practice to measure and value the building work after it had been completed and bills of quantities were not prepared. (Seeley and Winfields Building Quantities Explained) Key Roles and Responsibilities in Traditional systems In previous days quantity surveyors duties were limited to measuring quantities for find out the value of proposed work or value of completed work. This traditional role specially involve for small and medium size project based on measure and value system. Also the prepared Bill of Quantities for tendering, interim valuation and final payment process purposes. Generally, when study significant role and responsibility of traditional Quantity Surveyor can be described as follows (Pre Contract stage and post contract stage); Elemental Cost Estimate. Measurements. Bill of Quantity Preparation. Tender Document Preparation. Analyzing. Estimating and Tendering. Tender Evaluation. Tender Clarification Meetings. Negotiation Meetings. Kick of Meeting. Progress on Site. Variation Order Calculations. Variation Order negotiation. Payment Certifications. Financial Statements. Final Accounts. Hence, The Contractor or Consultant/ Clients Quantity Surveyors were involved with these roles and responsible for look after financial interests as they expected in his investment. Procurement methods In older days also quantity surveyors had knowledge concerning specific procurement methods involving with quantity surveying role, it can describe simply as follows; Form of Contracts; JCT form (Joint Contract Tribunal), FIDIC form, NEC form, ICTAD form of contract in Sri Lanka. Types of Contract are; Traditional Methods such as Cost Reimbursement (Cost plus contract, Cost plus fixed price contract, Cost plus target contract, etc.), Lum-sum Contract, Measure and pay contract, Measurement and Preparation of BOQ; they were used standards method of measurements for preparation of Bill of Quantities and required quantification process (SMM7, CESSM3, POMI, etc.) Preparation of Tender/Contract Documents; according to the standards of form of tender (Bid), Form of agreement, instruction to tenders, condition of contract, general conditions, specification, drawings, BOQ, Specimen standard forms (Bonds and Guarantees), Contract documents, Tendering Estimating; involved with calling tenders, opening tenders, tender evaluate based on predetermined estimate, preparing final report for tender award. Cost Control; during the construction period, Quantity surveyor prepared cost report for advice the client by predicting expected final account. Interim Valuation/ Final statements; prepared by Contractor Quantity surveyor in order to all work done under original scope and engineer / client Quantity surveyor were certified. Settlement of Contract claims and dispute resolution; Giving notice, contemporary records, disruption claims, EOT clams Contemporary Background of Quantity surveying The quantity surveying profession largely developed through the 20th century and up to this century, According to the PP presentation moss construction cost management inc as Contemporary Role; Client advocate and representative Construction design and economics Construction planning procurement Construction administration and management Project management Pre-Contract Cost Planning and Cost Control process are also very important process involving use in this level. It is a pre-costing method of a project. As well as Quantity surveyor monitors the cost of every phases of a construction project as a cost manager to minimize the costs of the project and make more cost savings for the project success. What is background of modern Quantity Surveyor practice? The Modern quantity surveyors provide services that cover all aspects of procurement, contractual and project cost management. They can either work as consultants or they can be employed by a contractor or sub-contractor. As well as newly developing areas of project management and value management (Definition of Quantity Surveyors Surveyors.com). Quantity Surveyors will become outmoded unless they find a new role. (Egan, 1999, p1) The role of the Quantity Surveyor has changed thus considerably in recent years, so then in several project employ themselves as cost consultants and project managers, mostly due to the recession. As well as engage to advice on the cost implications of construction. However, QSs are moving away from their traditional role and are now offering services such as Value Engineering, Business Risk Management, Management Consultancy, Facilities Management and Project Management. What are the significant key roles which have been changed as modern practice? There are some specific roles that identified has being changed into modern quantity surveyor role since in resent period. Those are as follows; Investment appraisal Investment appraisal is an essential part of capital budgeting, hence within modern Quantity surveyor practice would worry final returns of the investment. Advice on cost limits and budgets When entering to construction investment need well defined budget, it is imperative that you know your construction budget limits. Hence clear advice on cost limits and budget need to be changed. Whole life costing Whole-life appraisal or life-cycle costing, also known as cost-in-use, describes the modeling technique aimed at coping with the mixture of capital and running costs of buildings and the effect on ownership of a building.(Ferry and Brandon, 1991: 43-44). Value Management Value Management is a systematic approach and process earlier referred to as value engineering, to ensure delivery of a function or product at the lowest cost without detriment to quality, performance or reliability (Ashworth, 2004: 409- 421; Green, 1992). Hence under modern practice of QS Value management/ engineering is vital process respectively find out unnecessary cost on each activity. Risk analysis Identification of possible risks in advance is an important and major responsibility. The Quantity Surveyor is able to take necessary actions to avoid or minimize the risks by identifying them early. Safety of work, Economic matters, Weather conditions, political matters, etc; also includes in risk management under modern practice. Insolvency Services The quantity surveyor is cost expert, hence in modern practice, he should support to perform the insolvency services, such as, bankruptcies and liquidations. Cost engineering Services The quantity surveyor should ensure that continuous, accurate cost information, analysis, Cost reporting, and Cost planning, Cost control, Cost Checking and cost influences are reported to the client design team. The quantity surveyor should include all costs in the cost plan or estimate of final cost. The cost planner should have a clear understanding of cost and budget targets to enable him to advise the developer about possible future over-runs and pro-actively to provide alternative solutions (Ferry and Brandon, 1991: 9). Sub contract administration Quantity Surveyor should have ability to select, control and mange them review the progress of subcontracts and keeps senior management up to date. Technical management Apply all techniques for check the final bill with contract bills, examine the records available, discuses aspects with relevant staff, and examine the procedure used. Project management Presently quantity surveyor significantly involve with project management service since cost factor is vital important facts for quality, Time and Cost manage. Facilities management This is the new field for quantity surveyor, involves for all building management services. Advice on contractual disputes Quantity surveyor should give advice always to the client to minimize contract dispute according his special knowledge of contract conditions. Employers agent Quantity surveyor should act as client agent according to the RICS professional regulation and consumer protection guide 2000. Contract Procurement methods and process Since reason days construction industry use managing contract, Design build contract, Construction management and Build operate and transfer contract procurement methods for the contract process. Hence as modern practice of Quantity surveyors role has to change their traditional role with thorough knowledge of this methods and process. What are the important influence factors that changed role? The future development of quantity surveying services is likely to be influenced by the following important factors: (Source: Powell 1998) Client focus; Construction cost is very important component for client to build his project within allocated budget, including whole life costs, hence Quantity surveyor role would be changed based on project cost to archive the client aspire. Information and communication technologies; The Quantity Surveyor should continuously touch in field of IT developing and applying them day to day works. Upgrading knowledge such as; cad application, spreadsheet application, management application, valuation, drawings, financial application, etc. as well, Information technology applies not only to using computers for their work but also in terms of communicating with the outside world through the internet and the electronic exchange of information amongst the team and the different professions involved. Somerville and Craig (2003) have clearly shown that cost savings are achieved when moving from a paper-based system to an electronic document management system. However under communication, Quantity surveyor should improve communication skill based on the personal qualities included, as example: Independency, Adaptability, Initiative taking, A willingness to learn An ability to reflect on what has and what has not been achieved. Research and its distribution; A research on past work in the field will help to establish or confirm facts, repeat the results of previous work, solve new or existing problems, support premise, or develop new theories. Graduate capability; According to the RICS publication, it examined the needs of quantity surveyors education, training and continuing professional development are an important component on all undergraduate and postgraduate courses. It is essential facts to continue to develop if it wished to maintain its role within the construction industry. Special they identified requirement of to be developed areas such as; Construction technology, Measurement rules and conventions, Construction economics, Financial management, Business administration, Management, Documentation, Analysis, Appraisal, Quantification, Communication. (The Future Role of the Quantity Surveyor, RICS 1971) Practice size; Quantity surveyors have work experience in multi-disciplinary practice for many years. Davies, writing in RICS Business (2006), refers to quantity surveyors now being the key advisers on construction and development strategies, but that they must continue to reinvent themselves to remain in this position. The QS practices that survived then looked overseas, especially to the boom in the Middle East and at the same time began extending their services. Complete understanding of the procurement process; The Quantity Surveyor should have very clear understood concerning selected procurement methods to avoid dispute during the implementing stage arise from stakeholders due to discrepancies in procurement systems. Wide-ranging on mechanical and electrical installations; Generally in the world, daily meet new technology into MEP field of construction industry, hence it directly influences to change the traditional role of quantity surveying practice. Effective change management; Change management involves integrating and transforming behaviors, attitudes and actions to support organizational sustainability. The most effective change management techniques involve proactive communication with all stakeholders. Why required to change as Modern Quantity Surveyor The quantity surveyor should understand the challenges and opportunities presented by the needs of clients in relation to cost, contracts, communication and claims and perhaps focus their development on the important links between these functions. As well as, the future direction of quantity surveying will be influenced by industrialization, structural transformation of economies, information technology breakthroughs and increased globalization of construction markets. Requirement of a deliver a new range of added value services to clients, based upon increased client focus and a greater understanding of the function of built assets including, why new buildings are commissioned. Also many clients who operate in highly competitive global markets, base their procurement strategies on the degree of added value that can be demonstrated by a particular strategy. In order to meet these criteria quantity surveyors must get inside the head of their clients, fully appreciate their business objectives and find new ways to deliver value and thereby conversely remove waste from the procurement and construction process. Cost Management: The quantity surveyor should be able to utilize all the methods, tools and techniques to best effect and to the advantage of the project as a whole. Contracts: Quantity surveyors should be able to analyze the clients needs as well as the designers approach and the environmental influence when suggesting alternative procurement methods. Quality contract documentation remains a non-negotiable part of future services. Although many new methods may be used in the future, the quantity surveyor should continuously ensure that contractual expertise remains part of the service provided. Communication: This is an area where the quantity surveyor may need development, but effective communication with all role players will be a major part of future day-to- day activities. One has to note the importance of communication aimed at achieving results as one negotiates for client and also contractor-satisfaction in an industry which is known for its claims, disputes and conflict. Claims and disputes: The quantity surveyor must know, understand and be able to advise, use and apply claims-adjudication and dispute-resolution methods. This is an area of growth because an effective dispute-resolution process will enable the parties  and all role players to spend more time, money and energy on the project. Ethic Value of a Quantity Surveyor RICS has introduce significant ethics for all quantity surveyors and professionals Such as; Act with integrity, Always be honest, Be open and transparent, Be accountable, Act within your limitations, Be objective at all times, Always treat others with respect, Have the courage to make a stand.

College or University Graduation Speech -- Graduation Speech, Commence

Members of the faculty, parents, guests, and graduates, have no fear. I am well aware that on a day of such high excitement, what you require, first and foremost, of any speaker is brevity. I shall not fail you in this respect. When we arrived at State College, all was new to us and we walked around looking up at everything in awe. As we have been preparing to leave, we were given the chance to see State College from the top of the tallest building, looking down on everything with nostalgic familiarity—inspecting the tiny people that bring State College to life, trying to imagine the countless buses we squeezed to get on, and the hours spent talking to friends. State College has meant something different to each of us, the good, the basketball. The thing about State College is that everyone is so excited to be here that the energy is palpable. There is a vibrancy and newness and sense of possibility, that carries us as students, motivates you as teachers and staff, and makes an impression on those watching us—and indeed we know there are many people watching us, looking out for the good, the bad, the basketball. We are a community diverse in thought and background: the kind of terrain that is never easy to navigate. Take it from my own experience, as I have spent my whole life learning to walk through such terrains—through countries, and communities, and schools that are divided and diverse and marked by difference—so I know how challenging and uncomfortable and sometimes exhausting that process can be—but I also know that it is remarkably rewarding, and powerful, but most of all, necessary. I know that graduation speeches are notorious for trying to impart grand messages on a sea of overwhelmed and overheated people, ... ...moment since we were born. When we left for college, they knew that we were still kids at heart. Now they look at the young men and women we’ve become and find themselves as speechless as we are. For lack of words, just turn around and blow your parents a kiss, give them a wave; it’s Mother’s Day after all, and they know the gratitude and love that these simple gestures mean today. Our families held us up when we were learning to walk, while we were learning to become adults, and amidst the uncertainties of moving on, they once again become our ground and the arms that keep us steady. The best friends we’ve made have become our family too and they will be with us through this uncertainty and others. For now, savor the goodbyes and welcome the new beginnings and remember that four years ago, we were doing the same exact thing—and everything has turned out fine.

The Sociology of Health

The Sociology of Health The socio-medical model of health The socio-medical model of health focuses on the social factors which effect an individual’s health and well-being. They believe each person should be treated in accordance to their own personal circumstance and situation surrounding there illness, rather than be treated as a member of a group suffering from a particular illness, and should be treated the same as each person within that group. The socio-medical model concentrates on social factors contributing to the standards of health.Social inequality and living standards are important influences on the standards of health. The socio-medical model suggests that the wealthy are more likely to have good health and suffer from less illness, and the poor are more likely to have bad health and suffer from more illnesses than the wealthy would. Things which could be factors contributing to ill health within societies with poor living standards, according to the socio-medic al model are; damp or cold houses, lack of exercise, poor diet, lack of education and health awareness etc.The socio-medical model also suggests that the standards of health varies across different cultures, and that what is considered an illness in one society might be not be seen as an illness in another society. For example the contagious skin disease ‘yaws’ was so common in sub-Saharan Africa early this century that it was not considered a disease at all, it was considered normal because most of the population had the disease. The socio-medical model thinks that some societies also treat people with an illness differently from other societies.For example Australia does not allow anyone with HIV into the country, which is seen by most other countries as morally wrong and contrasts with the way people with HIV are treated in the majority of societies around the world. Time is another factor which the socio-medical model believes influences the standards of health. For instance cigarettes were promoted as being positive over 60years ago, whereas today smoking cigarettes is a well-known health threat.Socio-medical treatments for illnesses include looking at an individual’s personal situation, identifying the factors which have contributed to their illness or disorder, and removing these factors in order to correct or resolve the problem. For example a young man who has gone bald, from a socio-medical point of view, would be assessed and factors in his life such as great stress at work would be identified, this stress would be seen as the cause of his premature baldness, and they would try to help the man find a health way to vent his stress – in order to improve his condition.The biomedical model would view this man in a different way, they would concentrate on genetic factors such as premature baldness in his father, and put this forward as the cause in contrast to the socio-medical model. The biomedical model of health The biomedic al model emerged after the industrialisation of the western world. New scientific discoveries and methods were being used to produce a new model of health which used new technologies and tests such as x-rays, biopsies and electroencephalographs in order to monitor people’s health.These tests aim to show ‘biological malfunction or irregularity’ in order to diagnose illnesses, which are then treated using biological methods such as drugs, operations, hospitalisation etc. (Ross Clarke, 2012). According to the biomedical model the individual is not responsible for their illness or condition, and think that illness is caused by; a biological breakdown within the individual (this can be things such as infections, genetic malfunctions, broken bones and so on) or by external factors invading the body – such as virus’s and disease etc.They believe every single illness has ‘one single observable cause’. (Mike Harris, 2008). The biomedical model b elieves that the cause for a certain illness in one person has the same cause of that illness in another person – so all people with that illness should be given the same treatments, no individual cases are usually taken into account. (Ross Clarke, 2012). The biomedical model refers to ‘good health’ as having no illness. If you have ‘bad health’ you are considered to be ill, or to have an illness.Treatment is given with the aim of correcting a malfunction within the body and once this malfunction is corrected, you will be considered to be healthy again. (The Open University, 2012). The biomedical model is the dominant model of health in the modern western world. It treats illness and ‘malfunction’ with the use of medication, operations, radio and chemo therapy, transplants etc. Some socio-medical methods of treatment, however, are used alongside the biomedical model treatments, such as the use of therapy. (Unknown Author, 2012).The diffe rent approaches to mental health and illness Mental health and illness can be defined and viewed in many different ways according to many different factors including; the models of disability, the culture, gender, social class, the time period, religion etc. (Ross Clarke B, 2012). The biomedical, or medical, model of health would describe mental illness in the same way they describe any other illness; that it is caused by one single physical/genetic cause. This could be things such as genes passed down from your parents, a bump or bang to the head etc.They believe that symptoms are caused by a physical problem within the person or in the brain and they group these symptoms together in order to diagnose an illness or syndrome. The medical model uses two classification systems of mental illness in order to diagnose a patient. These two systems are the DSM IV and the ICD-10. The DSM identifies the patient’s symptoms in order to give a diagnosis for their disorder, while the ICD- 10 not only identifies the disorder and relevant symptoms, but it also tries to identify a cause. Andrews, G. , Slade, T. , Peters, L. 1999). The medical model of mental health describes people with mental illnesses as victims of their disorder, they see them as being unable to control their own actions and place no blame on the patient. The medical model uses drugs and therapies in order to treat people with mental illness, these could be things such as antipsychotic drugs, antidepressant drugs, mood stabilisers, sectioning, institutionalisation, ECT (Electro compulsive therapy), psychosurgery etc. (Saul McLeod, 2008).The socio-medical model’s approach to mental health is a total contrast to that of the medical model. It believes that many of the treatments used by the biomedical model are inhumane and unnecessary, and that mental illness is a result of social and personal factors surrounding an individual, rather than as a result of a biological cause. The socio-medical mod el would use therapies such as CBT (cognitive behavioural therapy), client-centred therapy, family interventions, self-help groups, social and individual learning skills sessions and vocational training.The therapies used by the socio-medical model aim to give insight into the patients personal problems which could be causing the mental illness, they aim to give the patient unconditional positive regard, boost self-esteem and confidence (which may be low due to the negative perceptions of mental illnesses in most societies) and try to promote an independent life for the patient so that they can live in society safely, whilst still getting the care and treatment they need from community carers etc. (Coppock and Dunn, 2009).They believe the society you live in, your quality of life and your social class has a great influence on an individual’s mental health. They would say that due to the financial stresses and low life quality of the lower classes, this would make them more li kely to suffer from mental illness. They will use the client centred therapy to identify the personal problems in an individual’s life such as marital problems, financial problems, problems in the work place etc. The socio-medical model believes that the medical model stigmatizes patients by treating all patients suffering from a particular mental illness the same.They believe that society has a negative perception of mentally ill people and that they should not be labelled as it is not their fault they are suffering from that condition. (Ross Clarke B, 2012). Besides the different medical models, there are also other approaches to the study of mental health. Sigmund Freud, and others who follow the psychodynamic theory, would say that mental illness is due to an unsuccessful completion of a psychosexual stage or due to a trauma in a person’s childhood, and that bringing their unconscious thoughts to the surface of the conscious mind (using psychotherapy) will eliminat e the problem. Unknown Author B, 2011). Different time periods have also had different approaches to the study of mental illness. Early this century, for example, people suffering from mental illness were seen as being inadequate to the rest of society, a danger to their-selves and others and unable to live ‘normally’ within society. They treated these people inhumanely, carrying out horrendous treatments which often resulted in patients becoming emotionless and ‘zombified’.Before the 1950’s ECT was carried out without the use of anaesthetic, which was very painful and uncomfortable for the patient. Around this time people with mental illnesses were being institutionalised on a regular basis, and by the mid 1950’s there was a total of around 150,000 people across the UK in mental institutions. (BBC, 2010). People were institutionalised for a variety of different reasons, ranging from sufferers of depression, to violent outbursts (mostly among women) and then extreme things such as murder or suicide attempts.These institutions at the time thought they were providing the best form of treatment for their patients, but people in more recent times think that the institutions had an unpleasant ‘prison-like atmosphere’ and that they totally took away people’s rights, freedom, independence, social skills and self-esteem and confidence and that the treatments they used were unnecessary and inhumane. (BBC, 2010).In the late 1950’s – early 1960’s a more humane approach started to be taken to the study of mental health. The start of the NHS in 1948 meant that mental health would now have a more modern and humane view from society, the NHS started to introduce new treatments and therapies in the asylums/institutions such as ‘programmes of activity’ including craft and sewing classes ect, and also introduced an ‘open-door policy’, aiming to give the patients more indep endence and freedom.This new approach recognised that asylums were not necessary for all mentally ill patients and in 1961, a man named Enoch Powell tried to change societies vision of mental ill health and, as the health minister of the time, he vowed to close all mental asylums/institutions and to instead, release patients into society, providing treatment and care for them at home and in the community via community carers. (Adam McCulloch, Michael Fitzpatrick, 2011). It wasn’t until the 1970’s however that people stopped being admitted into the asylums and still took until the 1980’s for the first asylum to close.By 1990 100,000 patients had been released into society and mental hospitals started to become extinct. This was the start of care in the community for the mentally ill, as we know it today. (BBC, 2010). The modern approach to mental illness is that there could be a number of causes, whether that be genetic, organic, personal, social or a combination of either, and that sufferers should not be labelled, should not be considered ‘abnormal’ and that they should be treated just like any other ‘normal’ member of society. Ross Clarke B, 2012). They should receive sufficient care via GP/hospital appointments, care in the community and by alternative therapies such as family interventions, self-help groups etc. ‘User movements’ have also quite recently been introduced, this is a system which encourages the patient to work with a professional such as a doctor/psychiatrist to help choose the treatments they receive in order to make them feel more in control of their illness or disorder and to help them feel more confidence that the chosen treatment will work. BBC, 2010). People with mental illnesses are no longer stigmatised or labelled and a majority of the western world have now accepted mental illness as a genuine problem which needs to be solved, rather than seeing it as a condition which needs to be locked away from society like in the early 50’s. References Mike Harris. (2008). Sociology of health and illness. Available: http://www. slideshare. net/Bias22/sociology-of-health-and-illness-presentation#btnNext Last Accessed: 06/12/2012Unknown Author. (2012). What is the biomedical model? Available: http://www. wisegeek. com/what-is-the-biomedical-model. htm Last Accessed: 06/12/2012 Ross Clarke. (2012). Booklet 3 – the different constructions of health and illness. The Manchester College, 2012 The Open university. (2012). Models of healthcare: the biomedical model. Available: http://openlearn. open. ac. uk/mod/oucontent/view. php? id=398060§ion=1. 6 Last Accessed: 06/12/2012 Andrews, G. , Slade, T. , Peters, L. (1999).Classification in psychiatry: ICD-10 versus DSM-IV. The British Journal of Psychiatry. v. 174. no. 1. p. 3 – 4 Ross Clarke B. (2012). Booklet 4 – approaches to the study of mental health and illness. The Manchester College, 201 2. Saul McLeod. (2008). The medical model. Available: http://www. simplypsychology. org/medical-model. html Last Accessed: 06/12/2012. Coppock and Dunn. (2009). Understanding mental health and mental distress. Available: http://www. sagepub. com/upm-data/30675_02_Coppock_&_Dunn_Ch_01. df Last Accessed: 06/12/2012. Unknown Author B. (2011). Psychology 101. Available: http://allpsych. com/psychology101/personality. html Last Accessed: 06/12/2012. BBC (2010). BBC4 video – mental history of the mad house. Last Accessed 27/11/2012. Adam McCulloch, Michael Fitzpatrick. (2011). Mental institutions, Enoch Powell and community care. Available: http://www. communitycare. co. uk/blogs/social-care-the-big-picture/2011/09/mental-institutions-enoch-powell-and-community-care. html Last Accessed: 06/12/2012. The Sociology of Health The Sociology of Health The socio-medical model of health The socio-medical model of health focuses on the social factors which effect an individual’s health and well-being. They believe each person should be treated in accordance to their own personal circumstance and situation surrounding there illness, rather than be treated as a member of a group suffering from a particular illness, and should be treated the same as each person within that group. The socio-medical model concentrates on social factors contributing to the standards of health.Social inequality and living standards are important influences on the standards of health. The socio-medical model suggests that the wealthy are more likely to have good health and suffer from less illness, and the poor are more likely to have bad health and suffer from more illnesses than the wealthy would. Things which could be factors contributing to ill health within societies with poor living standards, according to the socio-medic al model are; damp or cold houses, lack of exercise, poor diet, lack of education and health awareness etc.The socio-medical model also suggests that the standards of health varies across different cultures, and that what is considered an illness in one society might be not be seen as an illness in another society. For example the contagious skin disease ‘yaws’ was so common in sub-Saharan Africa early this century that it was not considered a disease at all, it was considered normal because most of the population had the disease. The socio-medical model thinks that some societies also treat people with an illness differently from other societies.For example Australia does not allow anyone with HIV into the country, which is seen by most other countries as morally wrong and contrasts with the way people with HIV are treated in the majority of societies around the world. Time is another factor which the socio-medical model believes influences the standards of health. For instance cigarettes were promoted as being positive over 60years ago, whereas today smoking cigarettes is a well-known health threat.Socio-medical treatments for illnesses include looking at an individual’s personal situation, identifying the factors which have contributed to their illness or disorder, and removing these factors in order to correct or resolve the problem. For example a young man who has gone bald, from a socio-medical point of view, would be assessed and factors in his life such as great stress at work would be identified, this stress would be seen as the cause of his premature baldness, and they would try to help the man find a health way to vent his stress – in order to improve his condition.The biomedical model would view this man in a different way, they would concentrate on genetic factors such as premature baldness in his father, and put this forward as the cause in contrast to the socio-medical model. The biomedical model of health The biomedic al model emerged after the industrialisation of the western world. New scientific discoveries and methods were being used to produce a new model of health which used new technologies and tests such as x-rays, biopsies and electroencephalographs in order to monitor people’s health.These tests aim to show ‘biological malfunction or irregularity’ in order to diagnose illnesses, which are then treated using biological methods such as drugs, operations, hospitalisation etc. (Ross Clarke, 2012). According to the biomedical model the individual is not responsible for their illness or condition, and think that illness is caused by; a biological breakdown within the individual (this can be things such as infections, genetic malfunctions, broken bones and so on) or by external factors invading the body – such as virus’s and disease etc.They believe every single illness has ‘one single observable cause’. (Mike Harris, 2008). The biomedical model b elieves that the cause for a certain illness in one person has the same cause of that illness in another person – so all people with that illness should be given the same treatments, no individual cases are usually taken into account. (Ross Clarke, 2012). The biomedical model refers to ‘good health’ as having no illness. If you have ‘bad health’ you are considered to be ill, or to have an illness.Treatment is given with the aim of correcting a malfunction within the body and once this malfunction is corrected, you will be considered to be healthy again. (The Open University, 2012). The biomedical model is the dominant model of health in the modern western world. It treats illness and ‘malfunction’ with the use of medication, operations, radio and chemo therapy, transplants etc. Some socio-medical methods of treatment, however, are used alongside the biomedical model treatments, such as the use of therapy. (Unknown Author, 2012).The diffe rent approaches to mental health and illness Mental health and illness can be defined and viewed in many different ways according to many different factors including; the models of disability, the culture, gender, social class, the time period, religion etc. (Ross Clarke B, 2012). The biomedical, or medical, model of health would describe mental illness in the same way they describe any other illness; that it is caused by one single physical/genetic cause. This could be things such as genes passed down from your parents, a bump or bang to the head etc.They believe that symptoms are caused by a physical problem within the person or in the brain and they group these symptoms together in order to diagnose an illness or syndrome. The medical model uses two classification systems of mental illness in order to diagnose a patient. These two systems are the DSM IV and the ICD-10. The DSM identifies the patient’s symptoms in order to give a diagnosis for their disorder, while the ICD- 10 not only identifies the disorder and relevant symptoms, but it also tries to identify a cause. Andrews, G. , Slade, T. , Peters, L. 1999). The medical model of mental health describes people with mental illnesses as victims of their disorder, they see them as being unable to control their own actions and place no blame on the patient. The medical model uses drugs and therapies in order to treat people with mental illness, these could be things such as antipsychotic drugs, antidepressant drugs, mood stabilisers, sectioning, institutionalisation, ECT (Electro compulsive therapy), psychosurgery etc. (Saul McLeod, 2008).The socio-medical model’s approach to mental health is a total contrast to that of the medical model. It believes that many of the treatments used by the biomedical model are inhumane and unnecessary, and that mental illness is a result of social and personal factors surrounding an individual, rather than as a result of a biological cause. The socio-medical mod el would use therapies such as CBT (cognitive behavioural therapy), client-centred therapy, family interventions, self-help groups, social and individual learning skills sessions and vocational training.The therapies used by the socio-medical model aim to give insight into the patients personal problems which could be causing the mental illness, they aim to give the patient unconditional positive regard, boost self-esteem and confidence (which may be low due to the negative perceptions of mental illnesses in most societies) and try to promote an independent life for the patient so that they can live in society safely, whilst still getting the care and treatment they need from community carers etc. (Coppock and Dunn, 2009).They believe the society you live in, your quality of life and your social class has a great influence on an individual’s mental health. They would say that due to the financial stresses and low life quality of the lower classes, this would make them more li kely to suffer from mental illness. They will use the client centred therapy to identify the personal problems in an individual’s life such as marital problems, financial problems, problems in the work place etc. The socio-medical model believes that the medical model stigmatizes patients by treating all patients suffering from a particular mental illness the same.They believe that society has a negative perception of mentally ill people and that they should not be labelled as it is not their fault they are suffering from that condition. (Ross Clarke B, 2012). Besides the different medical models, there are also other approaches to the study of mental health. Sigmund Freud, and others who follow the psychodynamic theory, would say that mental illness is due to an unsuccessful completion of a psychosexual stage or due to a trauma in a person’s childhood, and that bringing their unconscious thoughts to the surface of the conscious mind (using psychotherapy) will eliminat e the problem. Unknown Author B, 2011). Different time periods have also had different approaches to the study of mental illness. Early this century, for example, people suffering from mental illness were seen as being inadequate to the rest of society, a danger to their-selves and others and unable to live ‘normally’ within society. They treated these people inhumanely, carrying out horrendous treatments which often resulted in patients becoming emotionless and ‘zombified’.Before the 1950’s ECT was carried out without the use of anaesthetic, which was very painful and uncomfortable for the patient. Around this time people with mental illnesses were being institutionalised on a regular basis, and by the mid 1950’s there was a total of around 150,000 people across the UK in mental institutions. (BBC, 2010). People were institutionalised for a variety of different reasons, ranging from sufferers of depression, to violent outbursts (mostly among women) and then extreme things such as murder or suicide attempts.These institutions at the time thought they were providing the best form of treatment for their patients, but people in more recent times think that the institutions had an unpleasant ‘prison-like atmosphere’ and that they totally took away people’s rights, freedom, independence, social skills and self-esteem and confidence and that the treatments they used were unnecessary and inhumane. (BBC, 2010).In the late 1950’s – early 1960’s a more humane approach started to be taken to the study of mental health. The start of the NHS in 1948 meant that mental health would now have a more modern and humane view from society, the NHS started to introduce new treatments and therapies in the asylums/institutions such as ‘programmes of activity’ including craft and sewing classes ect, and also introduced an ‘open-door policy’, aiming to give the patients more indep endence and freedom.This new approach recognised that asylums were not necessary for all mentally ill patients and in 1961, a man named Enoch Powell tried to change societies vision of mental ill health and, as the health minister of the time, he vowed to close all mental asylums/institutions and to instead, release patients into society, providing treatment and care for them at home and in the community via community carers. (Adam McCulloch, Michael Fitzpatrick, 2011). It wasn’t until the 1970’s however that people stopped being admitted into the asylums and still took until the 1980’s for the first asylum to close.By 1990 100,000 patients had been released into society and mental hospitals started to become extinct. This was the start of care in the community for the mentally ill, as we know it today. (BBC, 2010). The modern approach to mental illness is that there could be a number of causes, whether that be genetic, organic, personal, social or a combination of either, and that sufferers should not be labelled, should not be considered ‘abnormal’ and that they should be treated just like any other ‘normal’ member of society. Ross Clarke B, 2012). They should receive sufficient care via GP/hospital appointments, care in the community and by alternative therapies such as family interventions, self-help groups etc. ‘User movements’ have also quite recently been introduced, this is a system which encourages the patient to work with a professional such as a doctor/psychiatrist to help choose the treatments they receive in order to make them feel more in control of their illness or disorder and to help them feel more confidence that the chosen treatment will work. BBC, 2010). People with mental illnesses are no longer stigmatised or labelled and a majority of the western world have now accepted mental illness as a genuine problem which needs to be solved, rather than seeing it as a condition which needs to be locked away from society like in the early 50’s. References Mike Harris. (2008). Sociology of health and illness. Available: http://www. slideshare. net/Bias22/sociology-of-health-and-illness-presentation#btnNext Last Accessed: 06/12/2012Unknown Author. (2012). What is the biomedical model? Available: http://www. wisegeek. com/what-is-the-biomedical-model. htm Last Accessed: 06/12/2012 Ross Clarke. (2012). Booklet 3 – the different constructions of health and illness. The Manchester College, 2012 The Open university. (2012). Models of healthcare: the biomedical model. Available: http://openlearn. open. ac. uk/mod/oucontent/view. php? id=398060§ion=1. 6 Last Accessed: 06/12/2012 Andrews, G. , Slade, T. , Peters, L. (1999).Classification in psychiatry: ICD-10 versus DSM-IV. The British Journal of Psychiatry. v. 174. no. 1. p. 3 – 4 Ross Clarke B. (2012). Booklet 4 – approaches to the study of mental health and illness. The Manchester College, 201 2. Saul McLeod. (2008). The medical model. Available: http://www. simplypsychology. org/medical-model. html Last Accessed: 06/12/2012. Coppock and Dunn. (2009). Understanding mental health and mental distress. Available: http://www. sagepub. com/upm-data/30675_02_Coppock_&_Dunn_Ch_01. df Last Accessed: 06/12/2012. Unknown Author B. (2011). Psychology 101. Available: http://allpsych. com/psychology101/personality. html Last Accessed: 06/12/2012. BBC (2010). BBC4 video – mental history of the mad house. Last Accessed 27/11/2012. Adam McCulloch, Michael Fitzpatrick. (2011). Mental institutions, Enoch Powell and community care. Available: http://www. communitycare. co. uk/blogs/social-care-the-big-picture/2011/09/mental-institutions-enoch-powell-and-community-care. html Last Accessed: 06/12/2012.

the first amendment essays

the first amendment essays The First Amendment guarantees the right of free speech, but there are many other forms of the first amendment. The most common, is pure speech, which is the use of the spoken word to transport a particular idea. Another form is symbolic speech that refers to the use of symbolic objects or action to express an idea. Some examples of symbolic speech might be waving a flag or burning a cross. The First Amendment protects almost of forms of pure speech and symbolic speech. The First Amendment protects some of symbolic meaning, but not all. Congress argued that burning the American flag was of symbolic meaning to express political views The First Amendment guarantees the right of free speech, but there are many other forms of the first amendment. The most common, is pure speech, which is the use of the spoken word to transport a particular idea. Another form is symbolic speech that refers to the use of symbolic objects or action to express an idea. Some examples of symbolic speech might be waving a flag or burning a cross. The First Amendment protects almost of forms of pure speech and symbolic speech. The First Amendment protects some of symbolic meaning, but not all. Congress argued that burning the American flag was of symbolic meaning to express political views The First Amendment guarantees the right of free speech, but there are many other forms of the first amendment. The most common, is pure speech, which is the use of the spoken word to transport a particular idea. Another form is symbolic speech that refers to the use of symbolic objects or action to express an idea. Some examples of symbolic speech might be waving a flag or burning a cross. The First Amendment protects almost of forms of pure speech and symbolic speech. The First Amendment protects some of symbolic meaning, but not all. Congress argued that burning the American flag was of symbolic meaning to express political views ...

Boy A is a British drama produced by Lynn Horsford and directed by John Crowley Essay Example

Boy A is a British drama produced by Lynn Horsford and directed by John Crowley Essay Example Boy A is a British drama produced by Lynn Horsford and directed by John Crowley Essay Boy A is a British drama produced by Lynn Horsford and directed by John Crowley Essay Boy A is a British drama produced by Lynn Horsford and directed by John Crowley. It is a film adaptation of Jonathan Trigells novel which is also called Boy A. It was distributed by channel 4 and film 4. Boy A stars a British actor called Andrew Garfield, who plays a hefty role in the drama. He won the 2008 best actor BAFTA TV Award for his performance. The film is about a reformed child murderer named Eric who later in the film changes his name to Jack because he wants a fresh start to his second life and a new identity. He tries to escape the darkness of his sinful years. The drama draws harsh similarities with the well-known James Bulger case. The drama suggests significant messages and morals throughout and has remarkable acting. Boy A was a great drama to study in class; I have many reasons for this point of view. The drama is constantly going backwards and forwards in the life of Eric/Jack, we’re shown this by flashbacks of Eric (young) then shown him present in the life of Jack. We are shown two lives of him, which makes it seem us if he is reliving his live after his unpleasant past. There is a hint in the title of the drama, ‘Boy A’ symbolises to me that there is a clone of a boy, and therefore being labelled as Boy A. This makes the drama seem very interesting to the audience because it doesn’t expose much, as a result making us wanting to know more. There are some terrific scenes in the drama which really appeal to me and make me like the film. A scene which I truly enjoyed and sticks in my mind is when Jack saves a little girl from a car crash, this is because we are shown another side to him, which makes us distinguish whether Jack is still the nasty murderer he was when he was little. Also the scene suggests that he’s completed some sort of redemption and that Jack has paid for what he did and learnt from his mistakes and his time in prison. A scene which I wasn’t keen on was the dream sequence. This scene was the ending of the film and it was the ending of Jack’s life, which ties in perfectly. However, the dream sequence wasn’t the ending I was hoping, it rather disappointed me because it wasn’t realistic and didn’t suit the genre drama. It showed Jack dreaming of Michelle saying goodbye to him which didn’t suit the genre drama, this is because the genre drama is meant to be a matter-of-fact and leave a big emotional impression. Boy A’s ending wasn’t realistic, however left us with a big affecting feeling as the last bit we saw was Jack committing suicide by jumping into the sea. The ending of Boy A was very touching. A big emotional ending is a requirement of a drama. The use of the technique is essential and builds up so much tension and leaves the audience feeling moved and affected. Another technique used in Boy A is the use of extreme close ups, this technique was used a lot during the drama because they wanted to show Jack’s feelings and facial expressions. It allows the audience to feel what Jack is feeling, and gives a sense of realism. It also allows the audience to bond with Jack and decide whether they like him as a character. Additionally, the use of sound is used vividly in high impacted scenes. The use of dramatic and sad music makes the scene feel more emotional and real. It also touches the audience’s hearts, and brings them closer to the drama. Overall, I think Boy A is a good film because it’s real and not a fantasy. The realism in the drama is brilliant, a story of a boy who killed a little girl, then at the age of 24 decides to be identified as someone else to change his status, and this is cleverly done and is done with total intelligence. I also liked Andrew Garfield’s acting, he is a spectacular actor. His character in the drama struggles with his emotions that Andrew can portray to the viewers. His glances, nervousness and sneaky attempt to secure his characters past is amazing. The performance of Andrew is influential and is what made this drama win so many awards. I always watch dramas on channel 4 and Boy A is something I would have watched because it appeals to my age group because it is about a young boy and is something some people at my age could relate too. A drama which I watch every year called Misfits is also shown on Channel 4 and is also targeted towards teenagers, in comparison to Boy A, it is slightly similar because they both deal with subjects which the audience can relate to. However, Misfits is a sci-fiction comedy drama so it tends to be unrealistic sometimes. Both Boy A and Misfits deal with crime, in Misfits a group of young offenders are forced to work in a community service programme and after learn from their mistakes. After the punishment their past still creeps up behind them, similar to Boy A, Jack learns from his mistakes but his past is never forgotten. I live in an area where there is unemployment, crime and poverty, therefore in comparison to Boy A’s environment it is very similar. The drama represents a boy as a criminal, and in this generation people seem to think every youth is dangerous, as a result there is a use of a stereotype in the drama. It has to be said, the ending was shameful and didn’t live up to the hopes I was hoping it would. Some could say the drama was offensive because they believe that you can run away from your past, but your past can’t run away from you. Although I also believe in the quote, I think that people deserve a second chance. People would argue that people who commit a bad crime don’t, but what if they have learnt from there mistakes, from the punishment they’ve received.